Montag, 30. März 2015

Tip of the Dungheap

The interviewer asks whether Skeeter is referring to Aberforth, Albus Dumbledore’s bother, when she is talking about his dark history. She responds: “‘Oh, Aberforth is just the tip of the dungheap’”[1] This idiom is based on the muggle phrase ‘the tip of the iceberg’. This idiom refers to the fact that only the tip of an iceberg is visible whereas the much bigger part of it is hidden in the water. The concept of the iceberg has been used to describe that it is possible to oberserve something and find evidence for a problem. However, the bigger part of this problem remains hidden under the surface.[2]
            The phrase, Rita uses, alludes to the same problem. The criminal offences of Aberforth and his father are widely known to the wizarding community. However, this implies that there are even worse crimes the family must have committed which are unknown to the public. In the wizarding world the word ‘iceberg’ has been replaced by the word ‘dungheap’. Most people avoid dungheaps due to their unpleasant scent. That way they are only seen from the distance. Due to the mountainous shape of the droppings people tend to focus on the tip of the heap which is similar to the tip of the iceberg. In contrast to the iceberg the bigger part of the dungheap is not hidden but visible to the eye. However, most people are too busy avoiding the heap and looking at it in general that they don’t pay attention to it. This means that the bigger part of the problem, once again, remains unnoticed. 



[1] Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, p.28.
[2] http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/tip+of+the+iceberg

Something others would swap their Wand for

After this offensive remark against Elphias Doge Rita Skeeter tries to prove her reliability as she mentiones: “’I’ve access to a source most journalists would swap their wands for[…]’”[1] This idiom might be a reference to the muggle phrase ‘would die for’ as well as the phrase ‘give anything for something’. The first example means that something is extremely important and so desirable that people think it is worth dying for.[2] The second phrase is less brutal. It is “used to say that [one] would like to have or to do something very much”[3] This person is than willing to renounce something that is dear to his heart. In both cases the person has to give up on something in order to have access to something better.
            Rita Skeeter claims to have talked to a person who seems to know far more about Albus Dumbledore than anyone else. This makes this person extremely desirable and valuable. Swapping the wand for information is a life-changing act. A wizard or witch without wand is no longer able to perform magic. Thus, it creates a life-threatening situation in which this person is no longer able to protect and defend himself against jinxes and curses. The phrase ‘swapping a wand for something’, thus, has the same meaning as the muggle phrases.




[1] Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, p. 27.
[2] http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/to+die+for
[3] http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/i-would-give-anything-a-lot

Get off one’s high Hippogriff

Rita Skeeter responds to this accusation saying: “’[…]old Dodge Doge can get off his high Hippogriff’”[1] This phrase has been taken from the muggle proverb ‘get off one’s high horse’ which is supposed to be “[a] request to someone to stop behaving in a haughty and self-righteous manner.”[2] The height of the horse used to show the power of his rider and the distance between him and the common people. They were often working in powerful positions and were, thus, meant to demonstrate their power by riding tall horses. By the time of the 18th century this imagery started to acquire a figurative sense. A person who mounted or sat on a high horse was no longer a strong and admirable man but a person who behaved in a way that suggested that he believed to be superior to the common man.[3]
            Hippogriffs are often admired for their majestic appearance. They are proud animals which makes it much more difficult for a witch or wizard to get the permission to sit on their back. In order to get the permission the person in question has to show his respect and bow in front of the Hippogriff while keeping eye-contact with it. If the Hippogriff reciprocates this gesture it is safe to touch him and get on his back. A person who has successfully passed this process can be proud to sit on the Hippogriff’s back and can look down upon all those who are too scared to do it.[4]
            It can be concluded from the context of the interview that the phrase ‘get off your high horse’ must have acquired the same negative connotation as the muggle phrase. Skeeter, therefore, tells Elphias Doge to stop behaving like he knew more about Dumbledore than anyone else and accuses him of an inability to judge the reliability of the content of her book.



[1] Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, p. 27.
[2] Martin, Gary. The Phrase Finder: Get off your high horse, http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/get-off-your-high-horse.html
[3] ibid.
[4] Harry Potter and the Prosoner of Azkaban, p.126-127.

Less Fact than a Chocolate Frog Card

After the death of Albus Dumbledore at the end of the sixth novel the annoying journalist Rita Skeeter has decided to publish a biography about him. At the beginning of the seventh book Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows she gives an interview in the wizarding newspaper the Daily Prophet. The interviewer confronts her with the statement of Elphias Doge, a longtime friend of Dumbledore, “that Skeeter’s book contains less fact than a Chocolate Frog Card.”[1]
            This comparison can only be used by members of the wizarding community. Doge refers to boxes filled with tiny frogs made of chocolate. They contain cards which summarize the most important achievements of the witch or wizard who is depicted on the front of the card. Most people in the wizarding world collect these cards.[2] Due to the limited space on the card only a small amount of information can be included. Rita Skeeter’s book on the other hand will be a voluminous book filled with a lot of information. Due to the long life of Dumbledore it can be assumed that the biography must be at least 300 pages long. According to Elphias Doge the information given on 299 and three-quarters of these pages must, therefore, be made up.


[1] Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, p. 27.
[2] Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, p.77.

Like a Sack of Dragon Dung

After their Quidditch practice Ron is disappointed in his performance as keeper of the team. He says: “‘I played like a sack of dragon dung’”[1] after having failed to protect the hoops through which the others were scoring. He ended the game by punching one of his team mates in the face.
            This phrase could be a play on the informal muggle phrase ‘like a wet rag’ which means that someone is feel disappointed about himself.[2] In the wizarding world dragon dung is usually used to brew a fertilizer which can be used during Herbology lessons. A sack of dragon dung must, however, be very heavy which makes it a burden to be carried and should be avoided due to its smell. It can, therefore, be concluded that Ron considers his role in the team as a burden for his team members and is frustrated about his inability to help the team succeed.


[1] Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, p.267.
[2] Schemann, Hans; Knight, Paul. English/ German Dictionary of Idioms,Routledge, New York 1997, p.386.

Don’t count your Owls before they are delivered

At the beginning of the sixth novel Dumbledore takes Harry on a journey to meet Professor Slughorn, a former teacher at the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. They convince him to return back to school in order to teach once again. On their way the home of the Weasley family Dumbledore asks Harry about the subjects he would like to take during his next year at school and Harry is afraid that he won’t be able to continue his Potions class due to his weak marks. Thereupon, Dumbledore answers: “‘Don’t count your owls before they are delivered’”[1]
            This phrase is based on the proverb ‘don’t count your chickens before they are hatched’. It suggests that a person should “not assume [that he] will have a thing, or [should] not make plans about it, before the conditions are realized, or the event has happened.”[2] This phrase is based on sop's fable The Milkmaid and Her Pail  which describes the story of a girl carrying a pail of milk to the market. She thinks about the chickens she could buy with the money and how she could sell their eggs and make money with which she can buy an expensive dress and make another girl jealous. She ends up spilling the milk whereupon her mother tells her to not count her chicken before they are hatched.[3]
            Just like the milk maid Harry is already thinking about his plans for the future basing his decisions on predictions of his past performance. He expects to receive his O.W.L. results in a letter. O.W.L. is an abbreviation for Ordinary Wizarding Level. In addition to that these letters are always delivered by real owls. The suggestion to not count his owls before they are delivered is, therefore, a very clever, ambiguous play on words.




[1] Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, p.79.
[2] Collins, V.H. A Book of English Proverbs with Origins and Explanations, Longmans, London 1959 p.30.
[3] ᴁsop, The Milkmaid and Her Pail, http://www.aesopfables.com/cgi/aesop1.cgi?3&TheMilkmaidandHerPail&&milkpail2.ram

Like losing a Knut and finding a Galleon

Cornelius Fudge proceeds to interrogate Harry and Dumbledore and finally finds prove for his suspicion in the list of participants of Dumbledore’s Army which has been discovered. Dumbledore pretends to be the one who has asked Harry to form this organisation in order to protect him from an expulsion which provides Fudge with the necessary confession to arrest Dumbledore: “‘Well, well, well – I came here tonight expecting to expel Potter and instead – ‘ ‘Instead you get to arrest me,’ said Dumbledore, smiling. ‘It’s like losing a Knut and finding a Galleon, isn’t it?’”[1]
            This proverb finds its origin in the phrase ‘losing a quid and finding a fiver’. A quid is the colloquial expression for a pound whereas a fiver refers to a five pound note. It is used when someone wants to explain that he might have lost something or not been able to achieve something but has got something more valuable in turn and has, thus been more successful than he expected.[2]
            The same applies in the wizarding world. While the Galleon is the most valuable coin and is made of gold, the Sickle is made of silver. 17 Sickles make a Galleon. The third coin is called Knut and is made of bronze. 29 Knuts make a Sickle which means that you have to exchange 493 Knuts in order to get one Galleon in return.[3] The enhancement in value between a Knut and a Galleon is, for that reason, enormous. This means, that the arrest of Albus Dumbledore has a much greater importance to Fudge than the simple expulsion of Harry Potter.


[1] Harry Potter and the order of the phoenix, p.546.
[2] https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080420015236AAWTPG7
[3] Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, p.58.

Galloping Gargoyles

In the fifth novel the Minister for Magic Cornelius Fudge is convinced that Albus Dumbledore is trying to take over the Ministry. He, thus, develops a paranoia which enforces his decision to find prove against Dumbledore and imprison him. Harry and some other students start a secret society called Dumbledor’s Army in which they learn to use defensive spells without Dumbledore’s knowledge. When one of the members of this group comes forward to report their actions to Fudge, postules appear on her face which she is trying to hide from the Minister: “’Well, come on, now, dear, look up, don’t be shy, let’s hear what you’ve got to – galloping gargoyles!’ As Marietta raised her head, Fudge leapt backwards in shock, nearly landing himself in the fire.”[1]
            The exclamation ‘galloping gargoyles’ is added to the already existing ‘gulping gargoyles’. Once again this expression is used to mimic the reaction of the speaker. Gallop is defined as “to run rapidly by leaps”[2] and as already mentioned in the book Fudge’s reaction is to leap backwards as quickly as possible. In this magical world gargoyles might be able to move some of their body parts like their heads and arms but they are rooted to the spot and could not gallop away. ‘Galloping gargoyles’ is, thus, an antithesis.


[1] Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, p.540.
[2] http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/gallop

Gold changed Hands

Mr Weasley who is working for the Ministry of Magic is surprised that a wizards accused of Muggle-baiting has been freed of all charges. He, thus, makes a conjecture: “‘Well, don’t ask me how, but he actually got off the toilet charge,[…]I can only suppose gold changed hands’”[1]
            The idiom ‘money changed hands’ has been recreated a little differently in the wizarding community to say ‘gold changed hands’. Both phrases refer to the assumption that money has been “given from one person to another in payment for something, often in a dishonest way.”[2] This is widely known as bribery. Bribery is defined as “[t]he offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of something of value for the purpose of influencing the action of an official in the discharge of his or her public or legal duties.”[3]
            In the wizarding world the idiom refers to gold, which hints at an exchange of Galleons in return for a favour. In the case of Mr Weasley he suspects that the dropping of all charges has been enforced with the help of bribery. The Ministry of Magic has often been accused of being susceptible to deceptive practices which lead to a mistrust as portrayed by Mr Weasley


[1] Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, p.433.
[2] Carleton-Gertsch, Louise, Idiomatic English in context: sicher im Ausdruck, Klett, Stuttgart 2008, p.45.
[3] http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bribery

Sonntag, 29. März 2015

No room to swing a Kneazle

Hagrid continuous to talk about his adventures in the land of the giants and tells them that some of the giants had been hiding in a cave. Ron inquires whether there has been enough space for all of them. Thereupon Hagrid answers: “‘Wasn’t room to swing a Kneazle,’”[1]
                The muggle proverb ‘no room to swing a cat’ is the blueprint for this wizarding proverb. The first time it has been used was in Medela Pestilentiae by Richard Kephale in 1665 where he wrote: “They had no space enough (according to the vulgar saying) to swing a Cat in.”[2] This shows that the phrase has already been used for some time to describe tiny rooms. Swinging a cat was, thus, meant literally.
                Cats play an important role in the wizarding world. They have, however, been replaced by Kneazles which are magical creatures looking like cats apart from their outsized ears and bushy tails. Their supernatural powers are described in Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them: “The Kneazle has an uncanny ability to detect unsavoury or suspicious characters and can be relied upon to guide its owner safely home if they are lost.”[3] Compared to cats a Kneazle would probably sense the malevolent intentions of the person who is planning to swing it and could escape shortly before. Due to their similar size it makes, however, no difference whether a cat or a Kneazle is swung. The room is still too small to do so.



[1] Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, p.383.
[2] Kephale, Richard. Medele Pestilentiæ,London, printed by J.C. for Samuel Speed, 1665. p.57
[3] Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, p.45.

Hold your Hippogriffs

After Hagrid’s return to Hogwarts Harry, Ron and Hermione go and visit him in his cottage. He tells them about his journey during which he was supposed to meet giants and convince them to support Dumbledore in his fight against Voldemort. He informs the three that Voldemort’s supporters – the Death Eaters - have been there as well. Hermione is quick to jump to the conclusion that the Death Eaters must have succeeded in their quest but Hagrid tells her, to hold her Hippogriffs, because he has not finished his story yet.[1]
                Deriving from the proverb ‘hold your horses’ this phrase is “used to tell someone to stop and consider carefully their decision or opinion about something.” It first appeared in Homer’s Iliad in which Antilochus is driving threateningly fast during a chariot race.[2] The exclamation ‘hold your horses’ thus, can be taken literally as an advice to be more cautious and not rush it. Its meaning has since then extended to include all actions and conclusions which should not be rushed. The first time it has been used as proverb was in 1844 in the New Orleans newspaper Picayune which wrote: “Oh, hold your hosses, Squire. There’s no use gettin’ riled, no how.”[3]
                Once again horses have been substituted by Hippogriffs which are more popular within the wizarding community. Due to their height and strength Hippogriffs are as difficult to hold and control as horses. Even if Hermione had no knowledge of the phrase she could deduce the meaning of it due to Hagrid’s explanation that he has not finished his story yet. 


[1] Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, p.382.
[2] Homer. The Iliad, Book 23 (Lines 423-429) http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D23%3Acard%3D388
[3] https://idiomation.wordpress.com/tag/new-orleans-picayune/

What in the Name of Merlin

In her attempt to free as many house-elves as possible Hermione start knitting hats and socks which she intends to hide in the Gryffindor common room. By giving them clothes she tries to set them free. Ron is startled when he sees her knitting for the first time: “‘What in the name of Merlin are you doing’? said Ron, watching her as though fearful for her sanity.”[1]
            This exclamation follows along the lines of the muggle phrase ‘what in God’s name’ or ‘what in the name of God’. These phrases are used to enhance what a person tries to express and is often used to convey displeasure and confusion.[2] God is the only being a person has to answer to in order to achieve forgiveness. As a result, the recipient of this exclamation must be doing something God would not approve of.
Once again the wizarding community replaces God with Merlin. They, thus, heightens his importance as the role model of witches and wizards. They might not have to answer to him after death but the statement makes clear that whatever a person is doing would not find Merlin’s approval. Knitting, as in Hermione’s case, would qualify as a disappointment since it’s a muggle activity due to the missing use of magic.




[1] Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. London: Bloomsbury, 2000, p.230.
[2] "Definition of God's Name." The Online Slang Dictionary. Web. 23.03.2015. <http://onlineslangdictionary.com/meaning-definition-of/in-god's-name>.

Poisonous toadstools don’t change their spots

Harry and Ron’s potions teacher Professor Snape who has always demonstrated great antipathy towards Harry joins the Order of the Phoenix. Harry, thus, expects Snape to treat him a bit better than usually since they are now connected in their fight against Lord Voldemort. Nevertheless, Professor Snape continuous to torment Harry which leads to Ron’s conclusion: “’Poisonous toadstools don’t change their spots’”[1]
            This proverb has its origin within the bible and can be found in Jeremiah 13:23 where the prophet Jeremiah tries to persuade a vicious shepherdess to change and become good. His attempts are, however, unfruitful, whereupon he comes to the conclusion: “Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or the leopard his spots? then may ye also do good, that are accustomed to do evil.”[2] Just like a leopard that has no chance of changing his spots, a person cannot change his character even if he tried and pretended to have succeeded.
            In the wizarding world the leopard has been replaced by poisonous toadstools. Just like the horse, a leopard has no magical powers and is, thus, unappealing to the wizarding community. This poisonous mushroom, however, plays an important role in Herbology and Potions classes. It is just as dangerous as leopards while both are covered with spots. This substitution is, for that reason, very fitting.
            In his description of Snape Ron does not only refer to Snape’s negative treatment of Harry but also to his inclination towards the dark arts. The other members of the Order know of Snape’s past as supporter of Lord Voldemort but they have to trust in Dumbledore’s convincement of Professor Snape’s abjuration from his old master. Ron and Harry are, nonetheless, very suspicious. Ron is convinced that tormenting Harry and admiring the Dark Lord are character trades Severus Snape cannot get rid of even if he pretends otherwise. 



[1] Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. London: Bloomsbury, 2000, p.212.
[2] King James Version, Jeremiah 13:23.

If … then I’m a Flobberworm

At their first evening at the headquarter of the Order Harry, Hermione and the older Weasleys are being informed about the actions the Order has taken to fight Lord Voldemort. Ginny Weasley, the youngest Weasley child, has not been allowed to attend this meeting but she most certainly will wait for Hermione to fill her in. Her older brother Fred states: “‘If Ginny’s not lying awake waiting for Hermione to tell her everything they said downstairs then I’m a Flobberworm…’”[1]
            This phrase is similar to the British muggle phrase ‘if… then I am a Dutchman’. It is used to express a person’s disbelief and puts a strong emphasis on the assertion. “During the rivalry between England and Holland, the word Dutch was synonymous with all that was false and hateful”[2] For this reason, the first part of the phrase has to include an information which is obviously not true to indicate that the second part of the statement is just as false.
            Fred choses to substitute Dutchman with the word Flobberworm, a magical creature that has an entry in New Scamander’s Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them: “The Flobberworm lives in damp ditches. A thick brown worm reaching up to ten inches in length, the Flobberworm moves very little.”[3] Due to his appearance most students are rather disgusted and bored by this animal. Fred, therefore, choses a creature he clearly dislikes to emphasize the unlikeliness of the first part of his sentence.




[1] Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. London: Bloomsbury, 2000, p.92.
[2] "Dutchman." Infoplease. Web. 22.03.2015. <http://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/brewers/dutchman.html>.
[3] Rowling, J.K. Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them by Newt Scamander, London: Bloomsbury, 2009, p.31.

Time is Galleons

After Harry’s arrival at the headquarter of the Order of the Phoenix he meets the Weasley twins who have passed their Apparation test. Apparation is a form of travelling in the wizarding world which allows a wizard or witch to disappear from his or her current location and reappear at a completely different one. The twins Fred and George use this method in order to get from one part of the house to a different one. When they appear in Ron and Harry's room their younger brother shows his annoyance: “‘It would have taken you about thirty seconds longer to walk down the stairs.’ said Ron. ‘Time is Galleons, little brother,’ said Fred.”[1]
            The source of the proverb ‘time is Galleons’ can be found in the muggle proverb ‘time is money’. It has first been used in 1748 by Benjamin Franklin in Advice to a Young Tradesman where he wrote: “Remember that Time is Money.”[2] He refers to the fact that time is very valuable just like money and should, therefore, not be wasted. [3] In the wizarding world three different coins are used as currency. Instead of using the word money, they focus on the most valuable coin – the Galleon - and change the proverb into ‘time is Galleons.’ Fred and George, thus, refer to the fact that they don’t want to waste their precious time taking the stairs when there is a much faster way of travelling.




[1] Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. London: Bloomsbury, 2000, p.66.
[2] Franklin, Benjamin. To a Young Tradesman. 1748.
[3] "Time Is Money." The Free Dictionary. Web. 22.03.2015. <http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/time is money>.

Samstag, 28. März 2015

The cat’s among the pixies

While asking Harry not to ‘cry over spilt potion’ Mrs Figg also tells him that ‘the cat’s among the pixies’.[1] This phrase finds its origin in the idiom ‘the cat’s among the pigeons’. Due to their natural instincts cats would cause pandemonium in a pigeon cot and attack as many pigeons as possible. The phrase, thus, means that something has been done or said “that causes trouble and makes a lot of people angry or worried.”[2]
            However, pigeons have been replaced by pixies. According to Newt Scamander Pixies are “[e]lectric blue in colour, up to eight inches in height and very mischievous. The pixie delights in tricks and practical jokes of all description. Although wingless, it can fly and has been known to seize unvery humans by the ears and deposit them at the tops of tall trees and buildings.”[3] Due to their mischievous character it can be expected that pixies would cause more misery to the cat rather than the other way around.



[1] Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. London: Bloomsbury, 2000, p.27.
[2] "Put the Cat among the Pigeons." The Free Dictionary. Web. 22.03. 2015. <http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/put the cat among the pigeons>.
[3] Rowling, J.K. Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them by Newt Scamander, London: Bloomsbury, 2009, p.62.

No good crying over spilt potion

On their ways home Mrs Figg tells Harry: “’Dumbledore said we were to keep you from doing magic at all costs… well,  it’s no good crying over spilt potion I suppose…’”[1] Once again this proverb derives from the muggle world. ‘It is no use crying over spilt milk’ refers to the fact that once a mistake has been made it is not necessary to be upset about it because it can no longer be changed.[2] The first time it has been included in the Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs as ‘No weeping for shed milk’ was in 1659. Once the milk has been spilt, complaining about it cannot make it undone. One simply has to take care of it.
In order to highlight the significance of the magical world this phrase has been altered and Milk has, therefore, been replaced by potion. Harry has already committed a crime in using a spell in front of a muggle. Dumbledore’s request to protect Harry from performing magic has, thus, failed. Instead of complaining about it, Mrs Figg, Mundungus Fletscher and Harry now have to deal with the repercussions.




[1] Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. London: Bloomsbury, 2000, p.27.
[2] "It's No Use Crying over Spilled Milk." The Free Dictionary. Web. 22.03. 2015. <http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/It's no use crying over spilled milk>.